PLL's - The Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

This time I continue looking at another fundamental block used in a phase locked loop (or PLL), the voltage controlled oscillator, or VCO in short. I take a look at the 2 fundamental types commonly used - the relaxation and the harmonic oscillator and then inquire how the output frequency can be modified using an external voltage.

Datasheets: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cd4046b.pdf

Tested circuit schematics: Harmonic oscillator: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G3DJ4b3gDER5PZvg-r_25B1iVif1ien-/view?usp=sharing Relaxation oscillator: https://drive.google.com/file/d/19J15X-xdLoZBxtg-zVPOl4X0h0UI3pDU/view?usp=sharing

More on PLL's: The Phase Detector: https://youtu.be/uTaZ6uL1t-U The VCO: https://youtu.be/JjoO59CY_UQ

References and further reading

• The Art of Electronics; Horowitz, Hill; Cambridge; Cap 13.13

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