Privacy Backdoors: Stealing Data with Corrupted Pretrained Models (Paper Explained)

#llm #privacy #finetuning

Can you tamper with a base model in such a way that it will exactly remember its fine-tuning data? This paper presents a method of doing exactly that, and implements it in modern transformers.

OUTLINE: 0:00 - Intro & Overview 10:50 -Core idea: single-use data traps 44:30 - Backdoors in transformer models 58:00 - Additional numerical tricks 1:00:35 - Experimental results & conclusion

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00473 Code: https://github.com/ShanglunFengatETHZ/PrivacyBackdoor

Abstract: Practitioners commonly download pretrained machine learning models from open repositories and finetune them to fit specific applications. We show that this practice introduces a new risk of privacy backdoors. By tampering with a pretrained model's weights, an attacker can fully compromise the privacy of the finetuning data. We show how to build privacy backdoors for a variety of models, including transformers, which enable an attacker to reconstruct individual finetuning samples, with a guaranteed success! We further show that backdoored models allow for tight privacy attacks on models trained with differential privacy (DP). The common optimistic practice of training DP models with loose privacy guarantees is thus insecure if the model is not trusted. Overall, our work highlights a crucial and overlooked supply chain attack on machine learning privacy.

Authors: Shanglun Feng, Florian Tramèr

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