Active Directory and DNS Server Installation or Configuration
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Active Directory AD is a directory service that Microsoft developed for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services.
Initially, Active Directory was only in charge of centralized domain management. Starting with Windows Server 2008, however, Active Directory became an umbrella title for a broad range of directory-based identity-related services.
A server running Active Directory Domain Services AD DS is called a domain controller. It authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type network—assigning and
enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted
password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user.[4] Also, it allows management and storage of information at admin level and provides authentication and authorization mechanisms and a framework to deploy other related
services AD Certificate Services, AD Federated Services, etc Active Directory uses Lightweight Directory Access Protocol versions 2 and 3, Microsoft's version of Kerberos, and DNS.
Active Directory Domain Services AD DS is the cornerstone of every Windows domain network. It stores information about members of the domain, including devices and users, verifies their
credentials and defines their access rights. The server (or the cluster of servers) running this service is called a domain controller. A domain controller is contacted when a user logs into a
device, accesses another device across the network, or runs a line-of-business Metro-style app sideloaded into a device.
Other Active Directory services excluding LDS, as described below as well as most of Microsoft server technologies rely on or use Domain Services; examples include Group Policy, Encrypting File
System, BitLocker, Domain Name Services, Remote Desktop Services, Exchange Server and SharePoint Server.
How DNS Works The DNS is a distributed system, meaning that only the 13 root servers contain the complete database of names and addresses.
All other DNS servers are installed at lower levels of the hierarchy and maintain only certain pieces of the overall database.
Most lower level DNS servers are owned by businesses or Internet Service Providers (ISPs). For example, Google maintains various DNS servers around the world that manage the google.com, google.co.uk, and other domains.
Your ISP also maintains DNS servers as part of your Internet connection setup.
DNS is based on the client/server network architecture. Your Web browser functions as a DNS client (also called a DNS resolver) and issues requests to your Internet provider's DNS servers when navigating between Web sites.
When a DNS server receives a request not in its database (such as a geographically distant or rarely visited Web site), it temporarily transforms from a server to a DNS client. The server automatically passes that request to another DNS server or up to the next higher level in the server hierarchy as needed. Eventually the request
arrives at a server that has the matching name and IP address in its database (all the way to the root level if necessary), and the response flows back through the chain of DNS servers to your client.
Publicly available DNS tools can be used to search for information related to Internet domains. Professional network administrators use these same basic tools on business networks.
DNS Servers and Home Networking Computers on your home network locate a DNS server through their Internet connection setup properties. Internet providers supply their customers the public IP addresses of primary and backup DNS servers, which are normally automatically set on a home network gateway device via DHCP.
Alternatively, a home network administrator may also elect to use one of the free Internet DNS services.
You can find the current IP addresses of your DNS server configuration via several methods:
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