IP Subnetting Explained: Packet Tracer labs. Answers Part 2

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Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A, B, or C network. If you do not subnet, you are only able to use one network from your Class A, B, or C network, which is unrealistic.

Each data link on a network must have a unique network ID, with every node on that link being a member of the same network. If you break a major network (Class A, B, or C) into smaller subnetworks, it allows you to create a network of interconnecting subnetworks. Each data link on this network would then have a unique network/subnetwork ID. Any device, or gateway, that connects n networks/subnetworks has n distinct IP addresses, one for each network / subnetwork that it interconnects.

In order to subnet a network, extend the natural mask with some of the bits from the host ID portion of the address in order to create a subnetwork ID.

An IP address is an address used in order to uniquely identify a device on an IP network. The address is made up of 32 binary bits, which can be divisible into a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits). Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot). For this reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal format (for example, 172.16.81.100). The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 - 11111111 binary.

Here is how binary octets convert to decimal: The right most bit, or least significant bit, of an octet holds a value of 20. The bit just to the left of that holds a value of 2^1. This continues until the left-most bit, or most significant bit, which holds a value of 2^7.

Transcription:

Now we’ve been told to configure router 1 with the last IP address in that subnet.
Now this is the subnet that we’re concentrating on initially. So let’s start with that subnet the way you work out, first, last and broadcast addresses as follows.

The network has host portion populated with binary zeros. So notice host portion is all zeros. The first host has the host portion populated with binary zeros except for the last bit which is set to 1 in binary. So that’s the first host in the subnet.

The last host in the subnet has the host portion populated with binary ones except for the last bit which is set to binary ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jd1tCZlXzsI