How TCP Works - MTU vs MSS // Why MTU and MSS are important #networking #ccna #cisco

How TCP Works - MTU vs MSS Whats the difference between Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) vs Maximum Segment Size (MSS)

MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit): MTU represents the maximum size of an IP packet on a given link. It’s used for fragmentation: packets larger than the MTU are broken down into smaller fragments. The MTU value can vary depending on the network technology (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi). Larger MTU values can improve efficiency by reducing overhead due to headers. MSS (Maximum Segment Size): MSS is specific to TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) at layer 4. It defines the maximum payload size after accounting for IP, TCP, and other headers. If the MTU is 1500 bytes and IP/TCP headers are 20 bytes each, the MSS is 1460 bytes. During the TCP handshake (usually in the SYN segment), the MSS value is negotiated and remains fixed for the connection. Remember, MTU deals with the entire IP packet, while MSS focuses on the payload within the TCP segment.

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