Arduino MIDI to CV (Control Voltage) Converter for Modular Analog Synthesizer: Schematics and Code

An analog modular synthesizer talks voltage, all its modules generate or expect some form of voltage control. The control voltage (CV) can be a continuous variable voltage, discrete voltage steps, short defined pulses or variable length pulses, or really anything within the voltage range of the system in use. According to Wikipedia:"MIDI (an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing and recording music."So, MIDI talks numbers in binary form. The transmission of MIDI data is made through a serial connection at a rate of 31.25 Kbps. In order to make possible the communication between these two incompatible languages we need some sort of a translator, and that is the job of a MIDI to CV converter. A microcontroller can perform the conversion task, with a little help from additional electronics. The Arduino was chosen for its availability, low cost and ease of programming.The current implementation features 16 CV outputs and 8 gates.The CV follows the one volt per octave standard, converting MIDI pitch, velocity and control change messages (7bit, 0 to 127) into 0 to 10.583V control voltages, in steps of 83mV.The gate outputs are turned on and off by MIDI noteOn and noteOff. ..

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