"Undefined, unbounded, and immense power" - that's what anti-federalists warned we'd eventually get under the Necessary and Proper Clause. Today, it's easily one of the most twisted and abused parts of the Constitution. In this episode, learn about three key views of the clause: the modern view, which began with Alexander Hamilton and John Marshall; the strictly limited view from James Madison and Thomas Jefferson; and a middle ground from one of the clause’s authors, Edmund Randolph.
Path to Liberty: March 3, 2025