edible_bugs

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SOURCES CITED: [1] Huis, Arnold & Van Itterbeeck, Joost & Klunder, Harmke & Mertens, Esther & Halloran, Afton & Muir, Giulia & Vantomme, Paul. (2013). EDIBLE INSECTS future prospects fo food and feed security. [2] (2006) Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome. [3] Gerber, P.J., Steinfeld, H., Henderson, B., Mottet, A., Opio, C., Dijkman, J., Falcucci, A. & Tempio, G. 2013. Tackling climate change through livestock – A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome [4] https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#agriculture [5] Oonincx DGAB, van Itterbeeck J, Heetkamp MJW, van den Brand H, van Loon JJA, van Huis A (2010) An Exploration on Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Production by Insect Species Suitable for Animal or Human Consumption. PLoS ONE 5(12): e14445. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014445 [6] https://extension.sdstate.edu/how-much-meat-can-you-expect-fed-steer [7] Lundy ME, Parrella MP (2015) Crickets Are Not a Free Lunch: Protein Capture from Scalable Organic Side-Streams via High-Density Populations of Acheta domesticus. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0118785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118785 [8] Oonincx DGAB, de Boer IJM (2012) Environmental Impact of the Production of Mealworms as a Protein Source for Humans – A Life Cycle Assessment. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051145

FOR FULL SOURCES CITED SEE: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bPzgYJTl88el6emIgG089fm0qkn75WcVljSML6xzgSI/edit?usp=sharing

FERTILIZER CALCULATIONS: INSECTS: In this video by Entomo farms, owner Darrin Goldin says a full harvest of one of their barns produces about 2500lbs of crickets and 2000lbs of frass. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40yXvtq8x8s] @ 5:20 2500lbs of crickets should have 1500lbs of protein in it (assuming 60% protein when dry) so 1500 lbs of protein for every 2000lbs dry fertilizer, or a 3/4 ratio

COWS: A beef cow produces about 75lbs of manure a day [https://ag.umass.edu/crops-dairy-livestock-equine/fact-sheets/manure-inventory] (more for dairy cows) According to the Journal of Dairy Science, about 85% of this manure is water, so they make 11.25lbs of dry weight manure a day. A cow produces approx. 440lbs of beef, about 25% of which is protein, so 110lbs of protein in a lifetime according to the USDA, cows are slaughtered at 30-42 months old, assuming 36 months average [https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades-standards/slaughter-cattle-grades-and-standards] 110lbs of protein over 36 months = 3.0555 lbs of protein a month, or about 0.10185185 lbs of protein a day So in a day, a cow produces 11.25lbs of dry manure a day, and 0.10185185 lbs of protein a day

Comparing these ratios of dry weight manure to protein we get: COWS: 11.25 / 0.10185185 = 110.45 INSECTS: 4 / 3 = 1.33

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