tRNA| Structure and Functions of tRNA | Basic Science Series

tRNA| Structure and Functions of tRNA | Basic Science Series

Keywords: tRNA, acceptor arm, TΨC loop, anticodon loop, variable loop, D-loop, ribosome, protein synthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, mRNA codon, ribothymidine, pseudouridine, cytidine, dihydrouridine, translation, amino acid attachment, mRNA decoding, tRNA structure, amino acid transfer, ester bond, nucleotide triplet, codon recognition, RNA folding, tRNA recognition, translation process.

Structure and Functions of tRNA:

1. Acceptor Arm: The 3’-end of the tRNA that attaches to a specific amino acid via an ester bond. Functions in delivering the amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
2. TΨC Loop: Contains ribothymidine (T), pseudouridine (Ψ), and cytidine (C); involved in tRNA-ribosome binding and stabilizing tRNA structure.
3. Variable Loop: Length varies between tRNAs; plays a role in tRNA recognition by specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
4. Anticodon Loop: Contains a triplet of nucleotides complementary to the mRNA codon; essential for decoding mRNA into an amino acid sequence.
5. D-Loop: Contains dihydrouridine (D); contributes to tRNA's proper folding and recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
6. Function of tRNA: Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, ensuring the incorporation of the correct amino acid in response to the mRNA codon.

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