Pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica | parasitology | Basic Science Series

Pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica | parasitology | Basic Science Series Intestinal mucosa, Digestive tract, Epithelial layer, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosae, Nutrient absorption, Barrier function, Immune cells, Mucus secretion, Digestive enzymes, Tight junctions, Gut health, Mucosal layer, Smooth muscle, Mixing and propelling, Submucosa, Blood vessels, Meissner's plexus, Circular muscles, Peristaltic wave, Longitudinal muscles, Sphincters, Serosa, Peritoneal lining, Visceral peritoneum, Mesenteries, Flask-shaped ulcers, Entamoeba histolytica, Cecum, Perforation. Gut mucosa The intestinal mucosa lines the digestive tract and consists of layers: epithelial, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. It absorbs nutrients, acts as a barrier against harmful substances, houses immune cells, secretes protective mucus, and produces digestive enzymes. Epithelial cells and tight junctions maintain a barrier against harmful substances. Immune cells in the mucosa defend against pathogens and maintain gut health. A healthy intestinal mucosa is essential for digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall health.

Muscularis mucosa Found in mucosal layer of digestive tract. Thin layer of smooth muscle. Aids in movement and folding of mucosa. Assists in mixing and propelling content. Works with deeper muscles for digestion and transport.

Sub mucosa Positioned beneath mucosal layer. 2. Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves. Provides structural support to mucosa. Houses Meissner's plexus for local control. Aids nutrient and water absorption in digestion.

Circular muscles Found in the digestive tract's muscularis layer. Arranged in rings encircling the tract. Contraction narrows the tract's inner space. Responsible for peristaltic wave coordination. Form sphincters controlling material movement.

Longitudinal muscles Run along the length of the digestive tract's muscularis layer. Work in tandem with circular muscles for coordinated contractions. Contraction shortens the length of the digestive tract. Assist in the peristaltic movement that propels contents forward. Play a role in shaping and molding the tract during digestion.

Serosa Outermost layer of gut wall. Made of connective tissue and squamous epithelial cells. Offers protection and reduces friction during digestion. Produces lubricating serous fluid for smoother movement. Often continuous with abdominal visceral peritoneum.

Peritoneal lining Lines the abdominal cavity and covers organs. Composed of a serous membrane called the peritoneum. Consists of parietal peritoneum (lining the cavity) and visceral peritoneum (covering organs). Produces lubricating fluid to minimize friction during organ movement. Forms mesenteries that suspend and support organs within the abdominal cavity.

Flask shaped ulcers Flask-shaped ulcers resemble bottles or flasks. They develop in the colon's mucosal lining. Linked primarily to Entamoeba histolytica infection. Commonly found in the cecum and ascending colon. These ulcers are relatively deep, penetrating tissues. Margins are irregular and undermined. Inflammation and tissue damage surround ulcer edges. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools. Severe cases can lead to complications like perforation. Diagnosis involves stool tests and imaging studies.

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