MHC Class Structure and Function Presentation Immune System Basic Science Series

MHC Class Structure and Function Presentation Immune System Basic Science Series Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), MHC Class 1 and Class 2, MHC Class I protein, MHC Class I animation, MHC Class I function, MHC Class I pathway, MHC Class I Structure, MHC Class I Immunology, MHC Class I structure and function, MHC Class I presentation pathway, Major Histocompatibility Complex basic science series, Major Histocompatibility Notes

1. Role of MHC Class I Molecules in Immune System

   • Key role in adaptive immune response.
   • Crucial for presenting intracellular antigens to CTLs.
   • Enables recognition and elimination of infected or abnormal cells.

2. Structure of MHC Class I Molecules

   • Glycoproteins on nucleated cell surfaces.
   • Consist of polymorphic heavy chain and non-polymorphic β2m chain.
   • Heavy chain has α1, α2, and α3 domains.
   • Peptide-binding groove formed by α1 and α2 domains.

3. Peptide Loading Process

   • Occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
   • Facilitated by a multi-subunit peptide-loading complex.
   • Involves trimming and selection of suitable peptides.
   • Tight-binding peptides retained, others released.
   • Loaded complexes trafficked to cell surface for CTL inspection.

4. Factors Influencing Peptide Diversity

   • MHC molecule's peptide-binding specificity.
   • Abundance and turnover rate of intracellular proteins.
   • Activity of proteasomes and proteolytic enzymes.
   • Expression levels of accessory proteins like tapasin and chaperones.

5. Immunoregulatory Roles of MHC Class I Molecules

   • Engage with inhibitory receptors on NK cells.
   • Modulate NK cell activity, preventing killing of healthy cells.
   • Ensure selective targeting of MHC class I-lacking cells by NK cells.

6. Role in Immune Surveillance Against Pathogens

   • Target viruses and intracellular bacteria.
   • Viruses evolve evasion mechanisms.
   • Mechanisms include interference with antigen processing and downregulation of MHC class I expression.

These points outline the significance, structure, function, regulation, and immunoregulatory roles of MHC class I molecules in the immune system.

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