Human Blood Cell Types | Immunology | Basic Science Series

Human Blood Cell Types | Immunology | Basic Science Series Keywords: Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes, Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), Myeloid stem cells, Lymphoid stem cells, Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets, Oxygen transport, Immune response, Blood clotting, Bone marrow, Granulocytes, Monocytes, Megakaryocytes, B cells, T cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, Erythroblasts, Megakaryoblasts, Mast cells, Myeloblasts, Phagocytosis, Adaptive immunity

1. Human Blood Cells • Types: o Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. o White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Immune response and defense. o Platelets (Thrombocytes): Blood clotting and wound healing. • Functions: Oxygen delivery, immune protection, vascular repair.
2. Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) • Location: Bone marrow. • Functions: o Self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell types. o Continuous blood cell replenishment. o Crucial in blood disorder treatments.
3. Myeloid Stem Cell • Origin: Derived from HSCs. • Differentiation: Granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, erythrocytes. • Role: Innate immunity, blood clotting, oxygen transport.
4. Lymphoid Stem Cell • Origin: Differentiates from HSCs. • Differentiation: B cells, T cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells. • Function: o B cells: Antibody production. o T cells: Target infected/cancerous cells. o NK cells: Early defense against tumors/infections.
5. Erythroblast • Description: Immature red blood cells in bone marrow. • Function: Produce hemoglobin, undergo maturation to erythrocytes. • Importance: Essential for oxygen delivery.
6. Megakaryoblast • Precursor to: Megakaryocytes. • Process: Endomitosis leads to large polyploid cells. • Function: Platelet production for blood clotting and wound repair.
7. Putative Mast Cell Precursor • Role: Develop into mast cells. • Function: Inflammatory and allergic response through histamine release. • Importance: Modulate immune responses and protect tissues.
8. Myeloblast • Description: Earliest myeloid lineage precursor. • Differentiation: Into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils). • Function: Combat infections and modulate inflammation.
9. Monoblast • Precursor to: Monocytes. • Maturation: Promonocytes to monocytes, then macrophages/dendritic cells in tissues. • Function: Phagocytosis, antigen presentation, regulate adaptive immunity.

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